National Security Congress And Defense Policy Essay

Congress and Defense Policy / LGAF 6270.LH Session 2 Issue paper / Chapter 3 6 of 911 Commission Report The terrorist attack of September 2001 was a tragedy that could have been prevented by the United States Intelligence professionals. The Islamic radicals such as Al Qaeda and its leader Osama Bin Laden had long declared their objectives to undermine the United States national security since the first World Trade Center Bombing on Feb 26, 1993. The 911 Commission report outlined the deficiencies of several government agencies, principally the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Defense, and the National Security Council. The Commission criticized the intelligence community’s effort in anticipating and proactively engaging in counterterrorism to protect and defend the nation from terrorist threats. †¢ The FBI, after the first attack on the World Trade Center performed an excellent work of investigation. However, it was more worried about effective prosecutions and the custom of the legal system. The process was not designed for counterterrorism and counterintelligence works as these tasks were not career-enhancing for field agents. †¢ The CIA and the National Security Council (NSC) have a long track record of using technology to intercept and communicate possible terrorist threats to officials. However, after the Cold War, cuts were made in national security funding and consequently diminished the CIA ability to track andShow MoreRelatedThe Three Branches of the United States Government913 Words   |  4 Pagesexecutive, legislative, and judicial branches. The capabilities of each branch is divided to ensure a separation of powers. The executive branch, headed by the President, and Congress of the legislative branch both share responsibilities to govern the nation, both domestically and abroad. In terms of foreign policy, Congress and the President have different powers that ensure that each branch works in conjunction in handling foreign affairs. The President, as Commander-in-Chief, commands the armedRead MoreNational Security Policy: Before and After September 11, 20011576 Words   |  7 Pagespresident and Congress for the purposes of evenly distributing power and preventing any single entity from wielding their power arbitrarily (Jordan et al, 2009, p. 103). Though these roles are complementary, they have also at times been conflicting. This push and pull has also been sewn into the historical narrative of national security policy-making. As the national security needs of the nation have evolved, so too have the ways, means, and agents of the national security policy-making processRead MoreObama Administrations Policy Views on Cybersecurity1338 Words   |  6 PagesTitle Page Contents Introduction Obama Administration’s Policy Views on Cybersecurity 1.1. Enhancing Resilience 1.2. Reducing Threats Obama and Bush Administrations 1.3. Bush Administration 1.4. Policy Similarities 1.5. Policy Differences Recommendations for Improvements 1.6 Cyber Czar Position 1.7 International Organization and joint punishment Works Cited Introduction The following document will provide information pertaining to presidential administrationsRead MoreThe President s National Security Policy Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagessits at the epicenter of the US foreign policy establishments. His ability to pursue national security policy priorities depends on the quality and efficacy of decisions emanating from the existing decision-making models. The models reflect on multiplicity of values, goals, and interests through an interagency process of consensus building of several bureaucratic organizations. Rational decision model critical to identify and prioritize national security policy objectives; develop and evaluate alternativesRead MoreDefense Against Terrorism1661 Words   |  7 PagesIn the years following the September 11th terrorist attacks, homeland security has been at the forefront of American public policy. According to a January 2015 Pew Research poll, seventy-five percent of Americans believe that protecting the Homeland agai nst terrorism should be the number one priority for policy makers (Pew Research Center 2015). These sentiments on homeland security are not novel to Americans. National Security has been of great concern to Americans since World War I (Reid 2015).Read MoreThe Roles of The National Security Enterprise 1301 Words   |  5 PagesThe National Security Enterprise (NSE) is the overarching government apparatus responsible for national security decision making. This is generally thought of as the National Security Council (NSC) and the Department and Agencies they represent. However, Roger Z George and Harvey Rishikof point out in The National Security Enterprise: Navigating the Labyrinth that national security decision-making may rest with the President and the NSC but is significantly influenced by the Modern Media (includingRead MoreWorld War II ended in 1945, but America could not rest. â€Å"Serious discussion about reorganization700 Words   |  3 Pagesbegan in Congress and the military department in 1944 and aroused much public interest† (Trask 1997). Because the Air Force played such a large role, discussion of separating the Air Force from the Army Air Forces (AAF) began. A proposal was created to establish one department for the United States Armed Forces, combining all the military branches under one department. â€Å"On 19 December 1945, President Truman sent a message to Congress recommending a single department of national defense with threeRead MoreThe United States Code ( U.s. )1677 Words   |  7 Pagesgoverns the form, function, duties, and responsibilities of the US Government†. The foundational to US National Security and foreign relations are based on the three titles in the U.S.C, namely, Title 10, Title 22, and Title 50; which â€Å"govern US Armed Forces, the Department of State, public diplomacy efforts, and national defense† (American Security Project, 2012). However, the National Security Act of 1947 was the first U.S. law on the conduct of intelligence operations. The act established the CentralRead MoreChina Saper Threat777 Words   |  4 PagesWeak USA Cyber Policy vs China’s Security Threat to the USA? Abstract A cyber spy network based mainly in China hacked into classified documents from government and private organizations. One of the biggest questions still remains unanswered. Should the U.S. Congress conduct an in depth assessment of Chinese cyber spying and consider imposing tougher penalties on companies that benefit from industrial espionage. In this paper I will review china’s cyber threat and possible USA solutionsRead MoreRationale and Analysis1293 Words   |  5 Pagesreviews the department of defense Inspector general. The initial mission for the department when it was formed in 1982 was to serve as an independent supervisor to the department of defense. The powers and responsibilities of the department are drawn from the inspector general Act of 1978. The key tasks of the department were to monitor, evaluate, and investigate all the operations of the department of defense. The department was also expected to provide leadership in policy development for the department

The Pearl Epilogue Free Essays

The Pearl Epilogue It has been five years since Kino and Juana through away the pearl back into the deep blue sea. Kino, has been having many dreams about the day Coyotito’s head had been blown off of his silk skin body. From that day, they knew that it was time to enter a period of hiding. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl Epilogue or any similar topic only for you Order Now A new King of Spain was chosen because of the old one being assassinated. It was the previous Kings son who was bloodthirsty to find where Kino and Juana were hiding because since Kino had killed a man, he was also pinned for the murder of King Aurellious; which was not a crime he had committed. The King of Spain had searched the native’s entire homeland to hopefully capture them, but the King was thinking to smart. For five years, Kino and Juana have been hiding in a dark black cave that was as cold as a freezer. They were feared of being ripped to shreds as if they were real animals being skinned. Kino and Juana have grown apart from purposes long ago, but they realized they needed each other for the problems they are encountering now. Although Kino and Juana had their differences in seeing each other, they each had moments over the years where they loved each other very much. It was enough for Juana to reach a stage of being pregnant once again. With a new baby on the way it certainly kept Juana occupied for many months. Kino for months found food, water, and enough things to call a cave somewhat of his home. No matter how many animals Kino had skinned it wasn’t enough to keep him or Juana warm. Juana was growing very sick because she was losing energy from caring the baby in her stomach. When the time came for the baby can come out of Juana’s whom, she was on the edge of dying. They both knew that the baby would have to be cut out of Juana’s whom, so Juana insisted to do anything to her to get the one thing Kino and her wanted the most, their beautiful baby daughter. Kino had to kill Juana for she wouldn’t have to suffer the pain of being sliced like a butcher slices meat. The new born girl had finally come. Kino and Juana always remembered the wonderful years they had with Coyotito, so Kino decided to name his new born baby girl; Coyotita. But, as soon as Kino had Coyotita wrapped around his arms, a million thoughts came pouring into his brain; from how the baby will survive with no ursery, to finding food and watching Coyotita at the same time. Kino soon realized that he really needed Juana while he did the rest by getting resources to stay alive in the cave. Kino was truly living like a caveman. He had no education, he is wanted dead or alive, and he has a new baby that might die because of him not being able to support her. He is running o ut of time to feed himself and his baby, so he is coming up with a plan to get his life back together. He is deciding on returning to his village with the baby wrapped in white tiger skin placed in a weaved oval shape basket, with a note on the left side of him. Kino was planning on bringing Coyotita to his brother for a while so Kino can turn himself over to the King. But, Kino does not know that he was also accused for the murder of their former King of Spain. Kino was completely confused like an orphan trying to understand that his parents weren’t his birth parents. He was about to enter the gates of the King’s Kingdom as hundreds of soldiers ran towards him screaming in Spanish to stay down and not to move. He was immediately taken to the King for his sentence. The King was screaming at Kino for what he has done. Kino apologized for killing a man, but the king began again to scream because he was explaining to Kino that King Aurellious was not just a man. From there on Kino knew that he was going to be punished with a murder that he had never committed. He was not aloud to say anything after he was given his life long sentence or the choice of being executed. Kino chose to be executed. Ten years later, Coyotita was living a very well educated life with her uncle watching over her. How to cite The Pearl Epilogue, Papers

Assess the Impact of Foreign Films free essay sample

Also, one unique feature of Singapore’s culture is that we are a multi-racial and multi-religious society. In my opinion, the omnipresence of foreign films and television programs in our daily lives has greatly influenced our lifestyles, heritage and values more negatively than positively. However, they have indirectly positively affected our convention of having high tolerance towards other various cultures. Firstly, foreign films and television programs have a large influence over our definition of the latest fashion and thus have a great impact on the way we dress. Whenever we see how appealing the stars look in the foreign films and television programs, most people would do anything to look just as appealing or even go through great lengths just to dress up like their idol. For example, two years ago when the eighth season of American Idol was being aired in Singapore, Adam Lambert was sensational and was idolized by the majority of Singaporeans who watched the famous American variety show. Being dubbed as â€Å"Glambert†, Adam Lambert was â€Å"glam† in all his performances, having a unique dressing style of his own, which includes wearing black eyeliner and black nail polish. Since that season, a substantial number of Singaporean teens and young adults of both genders started to hit the streets with black eyeliner and black nail polish. This is quite a significant sign of the impact of foreign films and television programs on our culture. Singapore can be said to be a conservative society that is sensitive towards controversial issues such as homosexuality, and thus should be expected to condemn cross-dressing or other similar ideas. Eyeliner and nail polish are things that are usually worn and used by females only. However, because of American Idol season eight, even guys in ur society have started to follow Glambert’s look in an attempt to follow the latest trend. Another example is the emergence of cosplay in our society. Due of the rise of Japanese films and anime in recent years, many people in Singapore are largely fascinated at the fantasy characters portrayed in the Japanese productions. As a result, quite a number of these people have gone to the extent of dressing up like the fictional characters in the film, donning Japanese kimonos, Japanese-style uniforms, and even costumes of the monsters in the different animes. Therefore, it can be seen that foreign films and television programs have quite a great impact on the culture of Singapore’s society, constantly influencing the way we dress. Secondly, foreign films and television programs have largely influenced the way we think, reconstructing our values and eroding our local, traditional culture that has been existing since generations ago. In the past, Singaporeans used to be very traditional and pragmatic in their way of thinking and held on to confuciun values. In foreign films and television programs, especially American ones, the actors and actresses portrayed are often very flamboyant not only in the way they dress, but also in the way they carry themselves. For example in shows like Desperate Housewives and Gossip Girl, the characters are very open towards liberal ideas such as sex, and a lot of sexual elements are present in these foreign shows. As a result, sex, which used to be quite a â€Å"taboo† topic among Singaporeans, is becoming more prevalent in our society as can be seen from the increased rate of teenage pregnancy from about 700 cases in 2007 to about 2000 cases in 2010. Also, Singaporeans are thought to be very pragmatic and often pursue their careers for very practical reasons such as to support their family. However in recent years, through the gradual influence of foreign culture via films and television programs, more Singaporeans are now pursuing their interests rather than finding jobs that are mundane but have higher pay. Such films include the Step Up trilogy, which is about how the different characters overcome various obstacles like parental objection and lack of practice space just to pursue their passion for dance. These films are not only entertaining but also inspire Singaporeans to pursue their dreams and appreciate aesthetic values more than pragmatic values. Therefore, foreign films and television programs can be said to be eroding our traditional values by introducing new ideas to us and thereby shape our values. Nevertheless, foreign films and television programs also allow Singaporeans to better appreciate our unique culture and thus reinforce our identity as a multi-cultural society. In a lot of these films and television programs from various other countries, themes like racial and religious discrimination are often explored. For example, in 2009’s The Blind Side, the main character was a black teenager who together with the rest of the blacks, was discriminated against by their pro-white society but managed to break this social obstacle and eventually became a well-respected football player. Another film with racial overtones is 2007’s Hairspray, which is about a girl who is pursuing to be a star in a television show while rallying against racial segregation between the blacks and whites in America. After watching the detrimental effects of racial discrimination as portrayed in these films, Singaporeans will learn the importance of racial harmony and also learn to be more tolerant towards other cultures, thus reinforcing our identity as a multi-cultural society. Also, after seeing how other countries are fighting so hard to achieve racial equality, Singaporeans will learn to appreciate our unique culture and not take our social cohesiveness for granted. Therefore, foreign films and television programs can also have a positive impact on the culture of our society by showing us the importance of social cohesiveness and indirectly compelling us to cherish our culture as a multi-racial and multi-religious society. The influx of foreign films and foreign television programs in our society has greatly influenced Singaporeans in many different cultural aspects such as our dressing, our traditional core values and our cultural identity. These films and television programs as mentioned, have created both negative and positive impacts on our culture, with the negative impacts outweighing the benefits. The immense influence that foreign films and television programs have over our society is unquestionable. However, we have to understand that this convergence of culture leading towards homogeneity is a two-way relationship. While other countries are influencing us in terms of culture, Singapore is simultaneously influencing other countries in the world not only through some of our locally produced films, but also in terms of other cultural mediums such as food, music, and dance.

Industrial Relations Colesworths

Question: How to manage industrial relations? Answer: Long-term employee relation objectives: Employee relation refers to the relationship between employers and employees in order to achieve desired working environment that would meet the needs of employees and help the organization to achieve its strategic, tactical and operational objectives (Kelly 2012).As a part of new industrial relations agreement, following three long term employee relations objectives has been identified To implement training and development plans for employees to increase productivity and job satisfaction To implement proactive conflict management and dispute resolution procedures To develop contingency plans in case negotiations break down As stated above, the purpose of employee relations is to increase interaction between the employers and employees and development of optimum workplace conditions so that organizational goals can be achieved. Therefore, to achieve these identified objectives, the management and the employees are required to develop and implement action plans. Employee relations objectives are designed to provide employees with better working conditions and help the organization to increase its productivity. Therefore, to achieve these objectives employees can collectively bargain and negotiate terms of employee relations to achieve desired objectives (Poole 2013). Analysing existing employee relations performance in relation to the above workplace objectives The effectiveness of existing employee relations performance can be measured by evaluating the results of current practices on the employees motivation and satisfaction and organizational productivity. In order to analyse the performance of current employee relations performance with identified long-term objectives following methods can be employed Performance appraisal: the effectiveness of employees training and development needs can be analysed by performance appraisal. This method, in particular provides information about the effectiveness of training programs implemented by the organization. Observation: this method is can be used to analyse the effectiveness of conflict management and dispute resolution procedures employed in the organization. Personal interviews can also be employed to measure the effectiveness of existing employee relations performance Organizational survey is another method that can be employed to analyse current employee relations performance (Richardson 2013). Evaluation of options while developing the action plan When developing the plan, it is important to evaluate various options and then selecting the best alternative available. Evaluation of various options can be undertaken in terms of cost benefit analysis and/or risk analysis, discussed as Cost benefit analysis: cost benefit analysis is a decision making tool that helps in understanding the positive outcomes (benefits) and negative outcomes (costs) of different decisions alternatives. Therefore, while developing plans for employee relations for development of strategies all possible means of achieving those strategies are evaluated on the basis of associated costs and benefits and the alternatives that yields maximum benefits are selected (Bartram et al. 2015). Risk analysis: while developing plans it is important to access all tangible and intangible factors affecting the success of selected plan. This helps in the understanding the risks associated with the selected plans and enable the management to devise strategies to minimize the effect of risks. Risk analysis helps in quantification of discovered risks and enables decision makers to arrive at confident choices informed by data. The most common methods of risk analysis are financial risks and operational risks. Ensuring compliance with following legislative requirements Workplace laws: there are several work place laws such as fair work act 2009, registered organizations legislations and regulations, related legislations and many others that needs to be followed. Its compliance can be ensured by developing strategies and plans that are in accordance with the legal frameworks (Shields et al. 2015). Workplace, health and safety: it requires providing a safe workplace for employees that can be achieved identifying and controlling hazards, providing health and safety training to employees. In addition, constantly communicating with employees to keep them informed and involved in health and safety processes as well as keeping records of all accidents and reporting of serious injuries to Occupational Safety and Health Service are to be followed. Equal employment opportunity: to ensure the compliance with equal employment opportunities, the organization needs to follow fair and transparent employment standards. Therefore, while advertising for a post a wide a range of communication media should be used so that every eligible candidate can apply for the job. Further, during the selection process a standardized selection method should be employed to avoid subjectivity and biasness by the hiring executive. In addition, fairness in employment terms, exit policy and principles of confidentiality need to be followed(Burgess et al. 2014). Anti-discrimination laws: the following laws constitutes anti discrimination laws Age Discrimination Act 2004 Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 Disability discrimination Act 1992 Racial Discrimination Act 1975 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 By following the provisions of above laws, the organization can ensure legislative requirement of anti-discrimination laws (Forsyth 2016). Working with higher management to develop plan and policies In order to work with higher management to develop plan and policies, management by objective (MBO) strategy can be applied. This approach includes determining and assigning roles and responsibilities to the employees and working in synergy to achieve the desired objective. In addition, proper communication medium and channels needs to be identified to periodically review the progress and to take corrective actions if required (Ellem 2015). Skills and knowledge required to implement the policy In order to effectively implement the policy, the HR manager must be able to communicate the objectives of the policy to the employees and solicit their support to make the new policy a success. Further, it is important to devise strategies for wide dissemination of the policy information. The HR manager, should have the skills to develop models for policy evaluation and get the reviews from the employees and key shareholders and undertake necessary corrective actions before full scale implementation of the policy (Kaine 2016). References Bailey, J. and Peetz, D., 2013. Unions and collective bargaining in Australia in 2012.Journal of Industrial Relations,55(3), pp.403-420. Bartram, T., Boyle, B., Stanton, P., Burgess, J. and McDonnell, A., 2015. Multinational enterprises and industrial relations: A research agenda for the 21st century.Journal of Industrial Relations, p.0022185614564379. Bomers, G.B. and Peterson, R.B., 2013.Conflict management and industrial relations. Springer Science Business Media. Burgess, J., Cameron, R. and Rainnie, A., 2014. Contemporary research on work, workplaces and industrial relations in Australia.The Economic and Labour Relations Review,25(1), pp.5-9. Currie, D., Gormley, T., Roche, B. and Teague, P., 2016. The Management of Workplace.

Sample Pomona Critical Inquiry Essay

Sample Pomona Critical Inquiry EssayAs a home-study course, Pomona Critical Inquiry Essay is developed by one of the most prestigious teachers in the country. It is designed for students interested in a career in education or the teaching profession.For those who are considering pursuing a career in education, they will find this sample critical inquiry essay helpful in learning the syllabus and framework. Some of the topics that are discussed include an introduction, reading, survey, and presentation. Students can expect to develop high confidence and high enthusiasm as they work on this examination. All the methods of testing are used to ensure that the student's performance on the test is accurate.Those students interested in teaching, who are preparing for the State Examination, will find this sample critical inquiry essay useful. It offers guidance on taking the examination, with tips on the most important items to look for and how to best prepare for the exam. Sample questions also cover topics such as elementary teaching, ethics, and material-based instruction. The best part about this kind of critical inquiry essay is that the teacher can use the guide for reference and practice.This sample critical inquiry essay comes from an institution that is known for being in the top of their field. It shows that this kind of essay is definitely a major factor in making an impression on students, as well as teachers, who are preparing for the State Examination.Students who are enrolling for this course will find this sample Pomona critical inquiry essay helpful as they begin to explore what the curriculum will entail. They can compare this to how many online courses in this subject are taught, and they can see just how much depth is involved in the classroom setting.This sample Pomona critical inquiry essay also includes the same format and style as the ones that are featured in the texts that have been made available for students. Students can rely on the guide t o get through the first half of the course, while the guide does not cover topics that will be covered in the State Examination.Students who want to learn more about the curriculum will want to check out the informational website for Pomona, CA. The site gives students tips on which subjects are taught at the school, as well as teaching salaries and benefits. Students who are attending the school for the first time will also find the information useful, as they prepare for the first day of class.This review of the sample Pomona critical inquiry essay will show just how valuable this type of writing can be to students. Students can benefit from reading this and prepare for the curriculum before it is even taught.

Toyota Ethics case study

Identification of ethics and social responsibility issues facing the company Toyota Motor Corporation is an international automobile and financial company, respected for its quality and reliable products; to remain competitive; the company’s management makes timely decisions. In all operations, the company aims to be ethical; it also extends a hand of appreciation to the public through corporate social responsibilities (CSRs). When determining the operation base and the CSRs to undertake, the company considers different issues likely to influence the direction of the projects or decisions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Ethics case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has been come ethical issues faced by the company, for example in early 2010, Toyota Company was faced by a problem when some fault vehicles got their way to the market and lead to deaths particularly in the United States of A merica. The company was considered not to be taking good care of its customers and the public. The brands of vehicle could accelerate themselves to an uncontrollable level they even led to death. The move or the experience that the company got at the time forced the management to appraise in person on the case and recalled all faulty automobiles. The case of Toyota was broadcasted in international and national media a point that made the sales of the company reduce ((Habisch, Jonker and Martina 1-123). Toyota being in the automobile industry has been blamed for environmental damage; the damage has been attributed to the company’s products, vehicles, which use fossil fuels to run. When fossil fuels are burnt, they produce green house gasses that have been a major talk in environmental debates, for the reason the company has been considered unethical. However, despite the moves and criticism gotten from environmental conservatisms, the company has continued to improve its produ cts and has innovated battery vehicles (electronic vehicles). Identification of key stakeholders and explanation of their involvement and influence There are a number of stakeholders in Toyota as far as ethics and corporate social responsibilities plans are concerned. The stakeholders are both internal and external players; internally Toyota is divided into departments performing different tasks. Internal team is expected to be creative, inventive and innovative to come up with approaches to ethical and CRS programs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has embarked on enforcement of its operating strategies: the company operates under five principals, they are Kaizen (continuo’s improvement), teamwork, Challenges, Respect and Genchi Genbutsu (go and see): to be ethical, the company aims at fulfilling the above objectives. Another set of the company’s st akeholders that affect the ethical code of business in the company is the external environment like customers and the society; there is a level of quality that customers expect from the company, the level forces the company to adopt high ethical operations. The company takes social corporate responsibilities as advertising and marketing tools, they offer the company a competitive advantage as communities value the efforts made by the company. The government and community-based organizations are other stakeholders; the main areas that these organizations get involved is in offering a minimal base and rate of operation that the company should uphold, for instance the environment movements require some level of emission from the company’s products and operations. When the company is compiling with such regulations, then it has to conduct its businesses ethically. International bodies and regulations are other stakeholders which the company has as stakeholders, there are a number of international conventions, protocols , and agreements that define the way business should be conducted, they include Kyoto protocol, Stockholm agreements, Doha round of talks, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, European Commission, and The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). However, these organizations are more concerned on pollution matters and environmental protection. The company is listed in Asian stock exchange whereby the public can buy shares in the company. The employees have a policy that ensures that they also have shares in the company, all this are stakeholders. The government and the public also would like to get ethically correct products from whichever the company and thus are included in the context of stakeholders. Shareholders are recognized by paying them dividends and the government by taxes. The public benefit from social corporate responsibilities programs (Habisch, Jonker and Martina 1-123) Identification of company’s stance Al though Toyota has been concerned on ethical and CSR issues, it waited until 2005 when the company developed a CSR policy, in the policy the company’s stance which is â€Å"CSR POLICY: Contribution towards Sustainable Development.† The policy team section has been upgraded to full departmental level managed by team of experts; the sector looks into economic, social, political and environmental issues in the company. The department has been successful in innovating environmental technologies in both products and processes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Ethics case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The stance is seen as a combination of pragmatic, ethical, or strategic stance; the broad approach of the stance offers flexibility in country. The success of the structure can be seen in different areas which include development of products that are internationally accepted and automating its process to meet international standards. The stance is not limited to guidance in CSR and ethical issues but takes massive research to advice the company on consumers expectations. The following are the policies that are contained in the stance: Contribution towards a prospectus 21st century society Pursuit of environmental technologies Voluntary actions and Working in corporation with society The above action policies are implemented using the framework of: Action plan Toyota Green purchasing Guidelines Biodiversity guidelines Initiative at the new Toyota RD center Let us evaluate the success of the company using a Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility. Carroll Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility is as follows: At the base of the pyramid, the company profit objectives; when the company economic welfare has been looked into, the company lays the base of other corporate responsibilities and ethical code of conducts. The pyramid can be expanded as fo llows:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Basic policy action guideline Economic responsibility the company has futuristic actions and strategies that target the continuity of the business, according to the CRS plan, the company aims at improving its products and improves the quality of the products to meet the demands of 21st century. When doing this, the company aims at maintaining harmony with the environment. Legal responsibilities It is the company’s policy that it should comply with national and international ethical standards; when the standards are being developed, it is one of the companies consulted for their inputs, it advises these organizations with customer as the main concern. Ethical responsibility The company has ethical policies that it should attain in its operations, the ethical responsibilities include the need to conserve the environment and create harmony with the environments its is operating. Philanthropic responsibilities the company has created good citizenship with the communiti es it is operating in, it aims at adding value to stakeholders. The efforts of the company look into all areas of ethical concern, the major drive of the company is to have products that are accepted internationally and whose connect with the people (Toyota official website). The automobile industry is quite demanding as far as ethical and social responsibilities are concerned, they are at the point of focus by national and international bodies more so when it comes to the issues of environmental conservation and being efficient. Mitsubishi is another international automobile company; it has ethical and corporate social responsibility functions at it heart, in every automobile it produces, it ensures it meets international accreditation of quality, before releasing to the market, the company quality team has to ensure that ever thing is intact. The efforts have not gone untested; the company’s Glanti model has been accused of brake failures and color fades. There are a num ber of corporate social responsibilities that the company has embarked on; they include environmental conservations, public educations, and has embarked on massive automation to facilitate ethical business. According to environmental report 2009 by US Environmental Agency, Mitsubishi has reduced its water wastage by 50%, this is through recycling and proper water use. The recycling is seen as a move to conserve the environment in line with EU environmental rules and Kyoto protocol. US Environmental Agency has congratulated the efforts taken by Mitsubishi to conserve the environment. It is of the view that if other motor industries follow the same trend, then the world is likely to reduce emissions by half. Pollution from Mitsubishi Motors Corporation can be controlled as a form of corporate responsibility (internal) or a company can embark on massive cleaning of the environment. Mitsubishi is also a key player in carbon emission reduction through: Adopting fuel efficient production methods like use electricity instead of coal when heating, this is estimated to reduce its in factory emission by 20% A project to develop electric motor vehicles is in an advanced stage The company has embarked on improved technology on it vehicles to ensure that they are fuel efficient The company have started making bio-diesel engine vehicles; they are seen as the breakthrough to future environmental conservation When comparing Toyota and Mitsubishi, Toyota is doing better; this is so because of the massive innovations that it has come up with in products and processes. Although Mitsubishi is having effective CRS, its coverage is lower than that of Toyota, this may be agued its because of the differences in operating base, since Toyota is the world largest automobile maker while Mitsubishi comes in as seventh (Mitsubishi Corporate website) The areas that both companies should look into are weak points and leakages in the company resulting from lack of 100% seal of holes that mi ght result to unethical businesses. The company’s quality report of 2009 has almost claimed that the company’s products quality is incomparably high, however, it was a matter of time before they believe failed the test of time. The five operating policies adopted by the company are strong source of drive and should shape the company’s direction, when it comes to ethical matters, the policies should be adhered to the dot. Advocators for good citizenship acknowledge the benefits that can be acquired from continuous improvements; they are of the view that businesses need to undertake research in their line of business to invent and innovate better ways of working than the current ones. Summary From the course, I have appreciated the benefits that a company can derive from being ethical and the power of corporate social responsibility as a marketing tool. Previously, I had less interest in CSR programs and their effect on a business, after the course I clearly under stand the benefits and the approaches it should take. The course was an eye opener; I now can tell companies that are ethical, them who respect stakeholders and those who have no interest. The efforts made by Toyota can be applauded, the company has automated its internal structures and is making products that are ethically accepted; to attain the ethical objective as required by the policies; the company is constantly innovating and inventing other ways of operating that are environmentally friendly. Some of the projects that the company has implemented as corporate social responsibilities have continued to change lives; for example the company’s education programs in developing countries has eradicated poverty and assisted communities. Such systems have a life touching effect; other programs that are aimed at environmental conservation are building to much needed sustainable development agendas attainments. The efforts made by Toyota has slightly made me respect the company and wish I would get a chance to work with the compact; at least it has made efforts and the efforts are yielding positive results. On paper and according to Toyota code of conduct, the company complies with internationally ethical values and has CSR efforts. The processes that the company has adopted in the efforts of being ethical are a great blessing to the company and societies; they include automation, recycling processes and refurbishment of products. The moves are compliant with international environmental conservation measures; the invention of electronic motor vehicles (EMVs) is seen as a major breakthrough in energy industry which has been threatened by increasing use and chances of depletion of oil reserves. on the other hand emissions from motor vehicles have been a major contributor to green gasses, the invention is expected to assist in a great deal. The company has embarked on quality management policies, they include TQM (total Quality Management), Six Sigma, and CR M (Customer relations management) policies; although the policy has made the company more profitable, its spillovers are ethically accepted moves like reliable, affordable and efficient automobiles. Conclusion In modern contemporary societies, there is a growing concerns on environmental conservation, management and restoration; this has been facilitated by enlighten among consumers and other business stakeholders calling for companies to act ethically and involve themselves in corporate social responsibilities. Toyota has embarked a number of measures to make its compliant with international ethical code of conducts. To act ethically, the company is guided by its CSR Policy document of 2005 and guidance of its implementation team. Works Cited Habisch, Andrà ©, Jonker Jan, and Martina Wegner. Corporate Social Responsibility across the Europe. Heidelberg: Springer. 2005. Print Mitsubishi Corporate website. Mitsubishi,2011. Web. Toyota official website. Toyota, 2011. Web. This essay on Toyota Ethics case study was written and submitted by user Knox T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fascinating Facts About the January Birthstone Gorgeous Garnet

Fascinating Facts About the January Birthstone Gorgeous Garnet SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips January babies and the people who love them, get ready to learn about one of the oldest and diverse birthstones around: the garnet. This January birthstone has more than 20 different varieties, has been found on every continent, and has a history dating back thousands of years. Read on to learn everything you need to know about garnets, from the rainbow of colors they come in, to what they signify, and fun facts about this gemstone. What Color Are Garnets? What is the January birthstone color? The most common and well-known color for garnets is a dark red. Under some dim lighting conditions, the garnet stone is such a dark color it can look almost black. However, in well-lit areas, the deep red color of the garnet will become clear as the stone sparkles in the light. Red garnets are the most common, but garnets can be found in a wide range of colors including oranges, purplish and pinkish reds, yellows, blues, and greens. Green garnets, known as either demantoid or tsavorite garnets depending on their composition, are a particularly rare and valuable form of the gem. Blue garnets, also very rare, have the ability to alter the appearance of their color. In natural light, they appear blue-green, but this changes to purple under artificial lighting. A green garnet set in a necklace. What Do Garnets Signify? Garnets symbolize friendship and trust, and they are a great gift to give to someone who has been a loyal friend. Additionally, garnets also symbolize a separated love and hope for a quick return. The reason for this comes from a Greek myth where the god Hades gave the goddess Persephone a pomegranate when she left him to ensure her quick return. Garnets are often associated with pomegranates because the name garnet comes from the Greek phrase â€Å"pomum granatum† which means pomegranate seed. And it’s true, small garnets do resemble the dark red seeds of a pomegranate! In addition to being the birthstone for January, garnets are the gemstone traditionally given on 2nd wedding anniversaries, and they are also the state mineral of Connecticut and the state gemstone of New York. The star garnet, a rare variety which appears to have a star shape in the center when cut, is the state gemstone of Idaho. Where Are Garnets Found? Garnets are one of the most widespread gems, and they have been found in many regions around the world, including Russia, the Czech Republic, Afghanistan, Tanzania, India, Thailand, the USA, and Brazil. Today, the highest-quality garnets are found in East Africa, particularly Tanzania and Kenya. In the 1990s, a deposit of rare blue garnets was discovered in Madagascar. To date, this is the only place on Earth where blue garnets have been found. Wouldn't that be a great January birthstone gift! During the 19th and 20th centuries, green garnets were thought to exist almost exclusively in Russia’s Ural mountains, but since the 1970s deposits have been found in Tanzania, Namibia, Kenya, and, to a smaller extent, Pakistan and Antarctica. Garnets are often found near the Earth’s surface, usually within pebbles in riverbeds or deposited on beaches. They can be found within metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary rocks, although metamorphic deposits are the most common and where nearly all red garnets are found. A deposit of garnets that have yet to be cut and polished. A Brief History of Garnets For thousands of years, people across the world have admired and coveted garnets, whether because they believed the stones had special powers or just for their beauty. Some of the oldest garnets have been found in Egyptian tombs, as part of necklaces created over 5,000 years ago to decorate the bodies of pharaohs. In ancient Roman times, garnets were highly prized and frequently used to decorate sword hilts and gold jewelry. During this time, garnets became a widely-traded gem and the most popular gemstone in the ancient Roman world. In the Middle Ages, garnets were a favored gemstone of both clergy and the nobility. A large deposit of garnets discovered in Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), helped garnets become more popular and spread throughout Europe. Garnets reached their highest peak of popularity in the late 1800s when they were one of the most fashionable gemstones to purchase and wear. The rare and valuable green demantoid garnets were prized by Russian czars, and the famed Russian jeweler Gustav Fabergà © (known for his jeweled eggs) often used them in his work. During the Victorian Era, jewelry with melanite garnets, garnets with an opaque black color, were especially popular in Europe. Garnets are now a popular gemstone throughout the world, prized for their rich hues and rainbow of colors. In addition to being used as a gemstone, garnets’ high abrasiveness makes them useful for industrial purposes, such as sandblasting and water filtration. In fact, the majority of garnets harvested today are used for industrial purposes. Only the highest-quality stones are used for jewelry and other decorative uses. An antique brooch featuring a garnet in the center. Using Garnets in Jewelry Looking to buy a January birthstone for a lucky someone? Garnets can be cut to almost any size and shape, so they are used in many types of jewelry, including rings, bracelets, earrings, and necklaces. They are often set in gold to highlight the deep red color most commonly found in garnets. The cost of a garnet will vary widely depending on its size, cut, color, and clarity, but garnets are less expensive than many other gemstones because of their abundance. You can often find garnet jewelry for less than $100, making it a great gift. Red garnets are the most common and least expensive variety of the gemstone, while blue and green garnets are the most expensive. Garnets have a high hardness and refractive index, which means they are both brilliant and difficult to damage. This makes them durable and eye-catching stones to use in jewelry. A garnet bracelet that shows off the dark color of the stones. Interesting Facts About the January Birthstone Because garnets and diamonds form under similar conditions, the two stones are often found together. In fact, there have even been some instances of diamonds being found inside garnets. In the Bible, it’s said that Noah used a garnet lantern to help navigate his ark in the night. Many early travelers carried a garnet with them as the stone was thought to help protect the owner from evil and provide light during the night. Garnets were also believed to bring victory in battle. Crusaders often carried jewelry or ornaments that contained garnets to protect them as they fought. Also, when they fought against the British in 1892, the Hunza people of what is now Pakistan used garnet bullets in battle because they thought they were more deadly than lead bullets. In the Middle Ages, garnets were purported to have numerous healing powers, and they were believed to reduce fever, bleeding, and inflammation. Keeping one by you while you slept was also believed to ward off nightmares.